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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: volume-project/chapter-tech-designs.tex
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@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ \subsection{Near Site Facilities}
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Radiological protection is integrated into the LBNF beamline reference design in two important ways. First, shielding is optimized to reduce exposure of personnel to radiation dose and to minimize radioisotope production in ground water within the surrounding rock. Secondly, the handling and control of tritiated ground water produced in or near the beamline drives many aspects of the design.
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Beamline CF includes an enclosure connecting to the existing Main Injector at MI-10, concrete underground enclosures for the primary beam, targetry, horns, absorber, and related technical support systems. Service buildings will be constructed to provide support utilities the primary proton beam at LBNF~5 and to support the absorber at LBNF~30 (shown in Figure~\ref{fig:nearsite-topo}). The Target Hall Complex at LBNF~20 houses the targetry system. Utilities will be extended from nearby existing services, including power, domestic and industrial water, sewer, and communications.
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Beamline CF includes an enclosure connecting to the existing Main Injector at MI-10, concrete underground enclosures for the primary beam, targetry, horns, absorber, and related technical support systems. Service buildings will be constructed to provide support utilities for the primary proton beam at LBNF~5 and to support the absorber at LBNF~30 (shown in Figure~\ref{fig:nearsite-topo}). The Target Hall Complex at LBNF~20 houses the targetry system. Utilities will be extended from nearby existing services, including power, domestic and industrial water, sewer, and communications.
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Near Detector CF includes a small muon alcove area in the Beamline Absorber Hall and a separate underground Near Detector Hall that houses the near detector. A service building called LBNF~40 with two shafts to the underground supports the near detector. The underground hall is sized for the reference design near detector.
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@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ \subsection{Far Site Facilities}
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\end{cdrfigure}
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The scope of the Far Site CF includes design and construction for facilities both on the surface and underground. The underground conventional facilities includes new excavated spaces at the 4850L for the detector, utility spaces for experimental equipment, utility spaces for facility equipment, drifts for access, as well as construction-required spaces. Underground infrastructure provided by CF for the experiment includes power to experimental equipment, cooling systems and cyberinfrastructure. Underground infrastructure necessary for the facility includes domestic (potable) water, industrial water for process and fire suppression, fire detection and alarm, normal and standby power systems, a sump pump drainage system for native and leak water around the detector, water drainage to the facility-wide pump discharge system, and cyberinfrastructure for communications and security.
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The scope of the Far Site CF includes design and construction for facilities both on the surface and underground. The underground conventional facilities include new excavated spaces at the 4850L for the detector, utility spaces for experimental equipment, utility spaces for facility equipment, drifts for access, as well as construction-required spaces. Underground infrastructure provided by CF for the experiment includes power to experimental equipment, cooling systems and cyberinfrastructure. Underground infrastructure necessary for the facility includes domestic (potable) water, industrial water for process and fire suppression, fire detection and alarm, normal and standby power systems, a sump pump drainage system for native and leak water around the detector, water drainage to the facility-wide pump discharge system, and cyberinfrastructure for communications and security.
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In addition to providing new spaces and infrastructure underground, CF will enlarge and provide infrastructure in some existing spaces for LBNF and DUNE use, such as the access drifts from the Ross Shaft to the new caverns. New piping will be provided in the shaft for cryogens (gas argon transfer line and the compressor suction and discharge lines) and domestic water as well as power conduits for normal and standby power and cyberinfrastructure.
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SURF currently has many surface buildings and utilities, some of which will be utilized for LBNF. The scope of the above-ground CF includes only that work necessary for LBNF, and not for the general rehabilitation of buildings on the site, which remains the responsibility of SURF.
@@ -100,17 +100,15 @@ \section{Strategy for Developing the LBNF Beamline}
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one or one optimized for different physics. Such future development, beyond that necessary to establish the baseline design at CD-2, would be done outside of the LBNF Project.
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The more advanced focusing system, called the ``optimized beam configuration'' in \volphys, utilizes horns that are longer and larger in diameter and that are spaced farther apart than in the reference design, which would require a target chase approximately 9~m longer and 0.6~m wider
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than the reference design. It cannot be ruled out that further optimization, or or future designs that would
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than the reference design. It cannot be ruled out that further optimization, or future designs that would
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allow exploration of new questions may require additional space beyond this. Also, the larger horns will require a larger
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space for temporary storage of used, irradiated components, requiring, in turn, an increase in the size of the morgue or a revision of the remote handling approach. Between CD-1 and CD-2, studies will be done to determine not only the geometric
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requirements from the final baseline target-horn system, but also to estimate the dimensions needed to accommodate potential future designs.
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The material, geometry and structure of the target assembly itself can have significant impact both on the effective pion production and the energy spectrum of pions, which in turn affect the neutrino spectrum, and on the reliability and longevity of
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the target, which affects the integrated beam exposure. Potential design developments range from incremental (e.g., changing from the reference design rectangular cross section, water-cooled graphite target to a cylindrical
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helium-cooled target), to more substantial (e.g., changing target material from graphite to beryllium), to radical (e.g., implementing a hybrid target with lighter material upstream and heavier material downstream and perhaps constructed of a set of spheres captured in a
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cylindrical skin). New designs beyond the current reference design are also needed in order to accommodate the higher beam power (up to 2.4~MW) that will be provided by the PIP-II upgrade.
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\fixme{Does not jive with sec 1.3: ``the technical and conventional facilities for a powerful \MWadj{1.2} neutrino beam utilizing the PIP-II upgrade of the Fermilab accelerator complex, to become operational by 20yy at the
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latest, and to be upgradable to 2.4MW with the proposed PIP-III upgrade''}
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cylindrical skin). New designs beyond the current reference design are also needed in order to accommodate the higher beam power (up to 2.4~MW) that will be provided by the PIP-III upgrade.
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Target development will largely be carried out in the
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context of worldwide collaborations on high-power targetry such as the Radiation Damage In Accelerator Target
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Environments (RaDIATE) collaboration, \fixme{reference?} and not within the LBNF Project. The LBNF design must be such that it can fully exploit future developments in target design.
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